Although most users don't notice it, audio output on laptops and desktops can be a little disappointing. There are a number of things that contribute to this problem, and one factor is the digital-to-analog converter, or DAC. This integrated circuit is not the only element of bad digital sound, but it plays its part.
SummaryWhat is a DAC for?Why are built-in DACs bad?What makes an external DAC better?ConclusionIf you're a noticeable or caring user, then the disappointing audio on many machines can be a bit of a buzzkill. And while it's not the first thing you should upgrade to get a better listening experience, adding higher quality stuff to your signal chain is usually a good way to improve your listening experience. 'listen. For this purpose, you can purchase an external DAC that replaces your built-in processor and includes better hardware.
They are not always bad. Built-in DACs range from serviceable to awful, and for many uses, the built-in DAC is fine. But a consumer PC is a set of compromises. Between weight, power consumption, heat, and component cost, manufacturers have to make tough choices about what to include and what to leave out. And since few users will notice high-fidelity audio reproduction, manufacturers don't bother to include a high-quality DAC chip.
But even poor quality components can do a decent job. The biggest problem with onboard DAC chips is electronic noise. Whether mounted on the motherboard or glued to a PCI sound card, the DAC is within easy reach of some very noisy hardware. Electronic noise from the CPU alone is significant and often a complicating factor.
There are a few factors that contribute to the improved sound you'll get from an external DAC. Most important is the reduction of digital noise from the surrounding material. Better components also play a role. External DACs use higher quality chips for the conversion process. These offer higher bitrates, better accuracy, and enhanced functionality. Most external DACs also include superior technical designs, better original signal fidelity, and noise reduction.
Some DACs also include their own amplifier. These are more powerful than integrated amps and can also offer a big improvement in sound reproduction. An underpowered integrated amp can cause all sorts of noise in the signal chain when paired with outputs that expect a strong signal. Most audiophile-level gear will expect a fairly loud input, so upgrading your integrated amp can improve your results. Even basic gear can sound better with a more powerful amp, but distortion becomes a problem.
Something as simple as offering a wider variety of output options is also important. Many DAC/amp combos include a 1/4″ output for studio headphones, optical outputs, and stereo RCA jacks for line-level output.
The average user probably wouldn't notice much difference between a built-in DAC and an external DAC. However, audiophiles with the right gear will likely appreciate the greater sonic fidelity offered by an outboard system. You can spend tens of thousands of dollars on a fancy DAC, but even a $100 external DAC/amp combination will likely improve the sound of a laptop noticeably.
